RESUMEN
The maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) is an endemic and endangered species of two Brazilian states, with much unknown biological information needed to direct conservation actions. Other sloth species have been studied regarding anesthesia; however, there is a lack of anesthesia research for the maned sloth. Anesthetic data were collected from 12 free-range maned sloths that were immobilized for a field examination. Individuals were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine (4.0 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg), and antagonized with atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg). Time to induction and recovery were recorded and compared with sex and age classes. After the induction and until antagonist administration, physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were recorded every 10 min during anesthesia and were statistically evaluated over time. Induction was fast (3.21 ± 0.76), but recovery was longer (113.3 ± 18) when compared to other studies. Induction and recovery times were not different across sex or age classes. Rectal temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation remained stable throughout the procedure. Respiratory rate significantly decreased over time, from 18.25 ± 7.03 to 13.17 ± 3.66 movements per minute. Our results indicate that the described combination of ketamine and medetomidine is a safe and effective choice for anesthesia of maned sloths.